Anatomy
Ankle and Foot
The bony anatomy of the ankle joint helps determine the planes and range of joint motion and allows for a high degree of stability when the joint is loaded during the walking cycle. The three bones that form the ankle joint are the tibia, fibula, and talus which all support three sets of opposing articular (joint) surfaces.
The bony anatomy, ligaments, and joint capsule guide and restrain movement within the joint. The talus has a continuously changing axis of rotation as it moves from maximum dorsiflexion (upwards motion) to maximum plantar flexion (downwards motion) relative to the mortise. The talus and mortise widen slightly from posterior (back) to anterior (front). In most normal ankles, the soft tissue structures, including joint capsule, ligaments, and muscle-tendon units that cross the joint, prevent significant translation of the talus relative to the mortise.
The bony anatomy, ligaments, and joint capsule guide and restrain movement within the joint. The talus has a continuously changing axis of rotation as it moves from maximum dorsiflexion (upwards motion) to maximum plantar flexion (downwards motion) relative to the mortise. The talus and mortise widen slightly from posterior (back) to anterior (front). In most normal ankles, the soft tissue structures, including joint capsule, ligaments, and muscle-tendon units that cross the joint, preventsignificant translation of the talus relative to the mortise.
The bone ends of a joint are covered with a smooth material called cartilage. The cartilage cushions the bone and allows the joint to move smoothly without pain. Arthritis occurs when there is deterioration or destruction of joint cartilage. The normal smooth lining of a joint surface becomes rough and irregular, which causes pain. Unfortunately, the body cannot repair the damaged cartilage. Arthritis can occur at any joint in the foot and ankle region, although the ankle joint itself is most commonly affected.
There are different types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-injury (or post-traumatic) arthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is partly due to a familial tendency, and partly an inherent consequence of aging. People usually begin feeling the effects of osteoarthritis in their 60’s. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation affecting numerous joints, and often begins at a young age. As the name implies, post-injury arthritis occurs as a result of a single or recurrent injuries to a joint surface such as fractures or sprains.
There are different types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-injury (or post-traumatic) arthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is partly due to a familial tendency, and partly an inherent consequence of aging. People usually begin feeling the effects of osteoarthritis in their 60’s. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation affecting numerous joints, and often begins at a young age. As the name implies, post-injury arthritis occurs as a result of a single or recurrent injuries to a joint surface such as fractures or sprains.
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Dr. James Cottom
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Dr. Jeff McAlister
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